FEDERALISM

 PPT

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H03mZ-rkj6jQwGC4MbOriEvLtbZcGz4e/view?usp=drivesdk

 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

CLASS X: FEDERALISM NOTES

1. Which type of government has two or more levels?
Federal Government.

2. The subject of Computer Software comes under which list?
Residuary List.

3. Give an example of a country which is an example of coming together federation.
The USA is an example of coming together federation.

4. Which subjects falls under the concurrent list?
Marriage, education, forest, trade unions, adoption and succession.

5. Which subjects are included in the State list?
Agriculture, police, public health, land.

6. Which groups of countries are an example of holding together federation?
India, Spain and Belgium.

7. In case of any dispute about the division of powers who can make a decision?
The High Court and the Supreme Court can make a decision.

8. What are the basic objectives of a federal system?
To safeguard and promote unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity.

9. Whose laws prevail if there is conflict between the State Government and Central Government on the subjects of the Concurrent List?
The laws made by the Union Government.

10. Which level of Government in India has the power to legislate on the 'residuary' subjects?
The Union Government has the power to legislate on the residuary subjects.

Short Answer Questions (SAQs):

1. “India has a large cultural, regional and religious diversity but there is unity among people”. What factors are responsible for this? Elaborate.
Factors which are responsible for this are:

• Right to equality.
• No discrimination on the basis of caste, creed region or religion.
• SCs & STs have some seats reserved and do get representation.
• Right to freedom of religion and cultural and educational rights.

2. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive.
• Mobilization.
• Administrative knowledge of the people at all the levels.
• Efficacy to solve all kinds of issues at respective levels.

3. Highlight any three steps taken by India towards making it a federation.
• Reorganization of states on linguistic basis.
• Centre state relations.
• Decentralisation or any other relevant point.

4. What is the special status the state of Jammu and Kashmir enjoys?
Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a special status. It has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here.

Long Answer Questions (LAQs):

1. Explain five changes towards decentralization brought in the Constitution after the Amendments made in 1992.
• Decentralization: When power is taken from central and state governments and is given to local government, it is called decentralization. The Constitution was amended in 1992 to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.

• Provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 are:
(i) Now it is mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(ii) Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for SCs, STs and OBCs.
(iii) At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
(iv) An independent institution called State Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
(v) The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.

2. Is it right to say that India is federal country but the word federalism is not used anywhere in the constitution? Explain.
• India had emerged as an independent nation after a painful and bloody partition.
• Soon after independence several princely states become a part of the country.
• The constitution declared India as a Union of States.
• Although it did not use the word federation, the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism.
• India is fulfilling all the requirements which are required for a federal country.

3. What is the rationale for decentralization of power? Explain the structure of Rural local government in India.
The basic idea behind decentralization:
• Large number of problems and issues are best settled at the local level because people have better knowledge of their local problems.
• It helps in promoting direct participation.

Structure of Rural Local Government:
• Zila Parishad: All the mandals in a district together constitute the Zila Parishad. Most of the members are elected and headed by a chairperson.
• Panchayat Samiti or Mandal or Block: The members of this body are elected by the entire panchayat members in that area. A few Gram Panchayats are grouped together to form this government body.
• Gram Panchayat: A council consisting of several ward members often called Panch. The president is called sarpanch. It is the decision-making body for the entire village.