DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

Exercises – Development

1. Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above
► (iv) all the above

2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
► (ii) Sri Lanka

3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
► (iv) Rs 6000

4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Ans
Per Capita Income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries. 

The limitation of this criterion are:
→ It doesn't show distribution of income.
→ It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, healthcare, etc.

5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Ans.
World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive.

6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Ans.
We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. This does not show distribution of thing between people. For an example, if a country has very high per capita income then we can't say that citizen living in that country are very rich because we are not knowing about the distribution of wealth in that country. Some people might be richer while other people are very poorer in that country.

7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
Ans.
No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab because, human development ranking is determined using a combination of factors such as health, education, and income. So, this does not imply that per capita income is not useful. Rather, per capita income is one of the development factors and cannot be neglected. The World Bank uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development and comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations because of which determination of Human Development Index (HDI) is done using this criterion along with some other development factors like health, education etc.

8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
Answer
The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow-dung and solar energy. Other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Ans.
The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.



10. "The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.

Answer
"The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand. For the sustainability of development, the maintenance of resources is also crucial. As the statement claims, the Earth has enough resources- renewable and non-renewable to satisfy everyone's needs; however, these need to be used with a view to keep the environment protected and clean so that a balance of production and use is maintained, and shortages are avoided.

11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.

Few examples of environmental degradation:
→ Deforestation
→ Soil erosion
→ Falling levels of ground water
→ Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
→ Water Pollution

12. The following table shows the proportion of undernourished adults in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2001. Look at the table and answer the following questions.

State	Male (%)	Female (%)
Kerala Karnataka Madhya Pradesh	8.5 17 28	10 21 28
All Sates	20	23

(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around 40 per cent of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.

Answer
(i) The nutritional level of people of Kerala is quite higher than the people – both males and females of Madhya Pradesh. Their ratio of the under-nourished is less than that of Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) There is enough food in the country, even then 40% of the people in the country are undernourished because:
→ A large number of people are so poor that they cannot afford nutritious food.
→ In most of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly and the poor people cannot get cheap food items.
→ There is lack of educational and health facilities in many parts of the country. So many people remain backward and poor. As such, they are unable to get nutritious food.

1.Retrouvons Nos Amis

 

Leçon 1 – Retrouvons nos amis

Points to remember

·        La Corse – une île (island) au sud de Bastia.

·        Les Aiguilles de Bavella – les montagnes (mountains) en Corse avec des villages perchés, les cultures d’oranges et de citrons au centre et des animaux comme des ânes (donkies), des moutons (sheep), des chevaux (horses) et des cochons (pig).

·        Cap Corse – il y a des châtaigniers (chestut trees) au milieu et Bonifacio avec ses côtes et ses villages.

·        L’Andaman et Nicobar – les îles dans le Golfe du Bengale

·        Port Blair – connu pour ses cocotiers (coconut trees) et les collines (hills)

·        L’Accent de Grave – le poème  écrit par Jacques Prévert.

·        Proverbs and their meanings –

1)    Il faut battre le fer quand il est chaud – one must beat the iron when it is hot.

2)    Loin des yeux loin du cœur – out of sight out of mind

3)    Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas mousse – a rolling stone gathers no mass

4)    Les bons comptes font les bons amis – a debt paid is a friend kept

5)    Si la jeunesse savait si la vieillese pouvait – if the youth only knew if the age only could

6)    Plus on est de fous plus on rit – the more the merrier

7)    Quand le vin est tiré, il faut le boire – when the wine is opened you must drink it.

8)    Avec des si on mettrait Paris dans une bouteille – if the wishes were horses the beggers would ride

9)    Tout est bien qui finit bien – everything goes well that ends well

10)           Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières – the small streams make the big rivers.

11)           Après la pluie le beau temps – after the rains it is good times.

Proverbs and noun forms

 

1)    Il faut battre le fer quand il est chaud – one must beat the iron when it is hot.

2)    Loin des yeux loin du cœur – out of sight out of mind

3)    Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas mousse – a rolling stone gathers no moss

4)    Les bons comptes font les bons amis – a debt paid is a friend kept

5)    Si la jeunesse savait si la vieillese pouvait – if the youth only knew if the age only could

6)    Plus on est de fous plus on rit – the more the merrier

7)    Quand le vin est tiré, il faut le boire – when the wine is opened you must drink it.

8)    Avec des si on mettrait Paris dans une bouteille – if the wishes were horses the beggers would ride

9)    Tout est bien qui finit bien – everything goes well that ends well

10)           Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières – the small streams make the big rivers.

11)           Après la pluie le beau temps – after the rains it is good times.

12)           La parole est d’argent, mais le silence est d’or. – Words are silver but silence is gold.

13)           L’habitude est une seconde nature. – Habit is second nature.

14)           La nuit, tous les chats sont gris. – At night all cats are grey.

15)           Vouloir, c’est pouvoir. – To want i scan

16)           Celui qui a la santé est riche sans le savoir. – The one who is healthy is rich without knowing it.

17)           Celui qui parle sème, celui qui se tait mûrit. – The one who speaks sows, the one who keeps quiet dies.

18)           Qui ne dit mot, consent. – Silence means consent.

19)           Qui se ressemble, s’assemble. – Those who resemble each other assemble together.

20)           Qui aime bien, châti bien. – who loves well, punishes as well.

21)           Qui ne risqué rien, n’a rien. – Nothing ventured, nothing gained.

22)           Qui vole un œuf,vole un bœuf. – Once a thief, always a thief.

 

 

                                                            Les Formes Nominales

 

verb	Noun form	verb	Noun form
1)    écrire	Un écrit, une écriture	16) partir	Un départ
2)    jouer	Un joueur,une jeu	17) consomer	Une consommation
3)    arriver	Une arrivé	18) encourager	Un encouragement
4)    chanter	Un chanteur, une chanson	19) acheter	Un achat
5)    servir	Un serveur, une service	20) ensigner	Un ensignement
6)    voyager	Un voyage, un voyageur	21) vendre	Une vente
7)    travailler	Un travail, un travailleur	22)dessiner	Un dessin
8)    décorer	Une décoration	23)se promener	Une promenade
9)    permettre	Une permit, une permission	24)boire	Une boisson
10)                       inviter	Un invité, une invitation	25)se réveiller	Un réveil
11)                       entrer	Une entrée	26)projéter	La projection
12)                       sortir	Une sortie	27)réduire	La réduction
13)                       étudier	Une étude, un étudiant	28)réchauffer	Le réchauffement
14)                       s’intéresser	Un intérêt	29)gaspiller	Le gaspillage
15)                       soulager	Un soulagement	30)survivre	La survie