Nationalism in india

 PPT

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Questions and Answers

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

Q.1) Why did Gandhiji started the Satyagraha in 1919?

Ans. To protest against the Rowlatt Act.

Q.2) During which movement, Indian tricolour was designed?

Ans. Swadeshi Movement.

Q.3) Why did Gandhiji take up Khilafat issue?

Ans. To enhance and strengthen the movement by bringing Hindu/Muslim community together.

Q.4) How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with 3 examples.
Ans.)

• It speeded up the process of industrialization.

• It led to a huge rise in defence expenditure for Government of India.

• It created a demand for industrial goods and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India.

Q.5) How was Rowlatt Act opposed by people in India?
Ans.)

• Rallies were organised in various cities.

• Workers went on strike in railway workshop.

• Shops were closed down.

• It was in opposition to the Rowlatt Act that the famous Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place. General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on innocent civilians who had gathered from in and around Amritsar city to attend peaceful meeting.

Q.6) Explain issue behind Khilafat movement?
Ans.)Khilafat Agitation

• WW-I had ended with defeat of Ottoman Empire. There were rumours of a harsh peace treaty being signed against Khalifa.

• To defend Khalifa’s temporal powers, Khilafat committee was formed in 1919 as he was considered as the spiritual head of Muslims.

• Gandhiji supported it because he saw it as an opportunity to bring Hindu’s and Muslims under the umbrella of an unified National Movement.

Q.7) How could Non Co-operation become a movement? Give your opinion.

Ans.) 

• Non Co-operation became a movement for the following reasons:-

• It was Gandhiji’s views that the British rule was set up with the co-operation of Indians.

• If Indians refused to co-operate, then British rule in India would collapse within a year and Swaraj would come soon.

• Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.

• In case, the government used repression, a full civil disobedience would be launched.

Q.8) The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from Non – Cooperation movement? Support statement with e.g.
Ans.)

Q.9) Why did different social groups join the Civil Disobedience movement? Explain.
Ans.)

• Rich peasantry group:    The Patidars and Jats demanded reduction in revenue and participated in boycott movement.
  
  

• Poor peasantry group:     They wanted unpaid rent to be remitted, joined radical movement led by socialist and communist.

• Business Class group:    Prominent industrialist like Purushottamdas, G.D Birla formed FICCI. They wanted protection against import of goods.
  
  

• Working Class group:    Nagpur workers adopted boycott of foreign goods against low wages and poor working conditions.
  
  

• Women:    They participated in protest marches, boycotted foreign goods and supported indigenous products.

Q.10) Describe incident and impact of Jallianwala Bagh?
Ans.)
                        INCIDENT

• Jallianwala Bagh incident took place on 13 April 1919.

• Many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Indian festival of Baisakhi, and to peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

• General Dyer killed thousands of unarmed Indians. 

• This incident shocked the entire nation. As the news of this incident began to spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns.

IMPACT

• There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. 

• The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people. 

• As a result of this massacre, Rabindranath Tagore, who had been knighted by the British, renounced his knighthood. 

• Satyagrahis were humiliated by rubbing the nose on the ground, crawling and saluting the officers. 

• Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement because of the rapid spread of violence.

Q.11) Explain in brief about the Dandi March.
Ans. 

     The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production made Mahatma Gandhi very much disturbed. In his opinion, it was a gross atrocity on the part of the British government. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. Hence, it must be exempted from any tax.

    He sent a letter to Viceroy Lord Irwin on 31 January, 1930 with eleven demands. These demands were concerned with interests of all sections of the Indian people. The most stirring of all was the demand to make salt tax-free. But Irwin showed reluctance.

(i) Mahatma Gandhi started his famous ‘Salt March’ or ‘Dandi March’ on 11th March, 1930 accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. 

(ii) The march was to cover 240 miles from Gandhi’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati Coastal town of Dandi. 

(iii) On 6th April, 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. 

(iv) This marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q.12) Critically examine the reasons of conflict between congress and Muslim League?
Ans.

     The important differences between the Congress and the Muslim League were over the question of representation of Muslims in the future assemblies that were to be elected. Suspicion and distrust between the two communities was also a major reason. 

(i) The Civil Disobedience Movement started under this atmosphere of distrust. 

(ii) Negotiation over the question of representation continued but all hopes of resolving the issue in All Parties Conference in 1928, disappeared when Mr. R. Jayakar of Hindu Maha Sabha strongly opposed efforts of compromise. 

(iii) Alienated from Congress, large sections of the Muslim failed to respond to the call of a united struggle. 

(iv) The Muslim feared that the culture and identity of the minorities would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority.

Q.13) How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in making of nationalism in India? Explain with examples.

Ans. 

1. The identity of India gradually came to be associated with the image of Bharat Mata as the feelings of nationalism spread. First created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, it was later painted by Abanindranath Tagore. Calm, composed, divine and spiritual, Bharat Mata acquired many forms and was widely circulated across the nation.

2. Movements to revive Indian Folklore played an important role in developing ideas of nationalism. Folk songs and tales gave a true picture of a traditional culture that was believed to be corrupted and damaged by outside forces. It was increasingly being considered important in order to discover one's national identity.
For example - Rabindranath Tagore collected ballads, hymns, and rhymes and led the movement for folk revival.

3. Icons and symbols such as the tricolour (red, green, yellow) created during the Swadeshi Movement became the force that unified and inspired people in participating in the nationalist struggle. Expressing the Gandhian ideal of self-help, the tricolour with a spinning wheel in the center (red, green, white) created by Gandhiji became a symbol of defiance during the marches.

4. The reinterpretation of history brought people of various communities under the nationalist struggle. Many Indians made attempts at instilling a sense of pride by looking at the historical experiences of India in a positive manner. The British saw Indians as backward, incapable of governing themselves. In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements,

Q.14) What was the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Ans. 

(i) The Dalits or the Untouchables did not actively participate in the movement, they demanded reservation of seats, separate electorates. 

(ii) Dr B.R. Ambedkar clashed with Gandhiji. 

(iii) Muslim political organisations also kept away from the Movement. 

(iv) Congress seemed more visibly associated with Hindu religious nationalist groups.