POWER SHARING

 PPT 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-aaP9vjpVxhs1P6qWrpYgHRkzwikZVLS/view?usp=drivesdk

Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark]
1) After independence, Sri Lanka witnessed the supremacy of which community?
Answer: After independence in 1948, Sri Lanka witnessed the supremacy of Sinhala
community.
2) What is the official religion of Sri Lanka?
Answer:Buddhism is the official religion of Sri Lanka.

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
3) Do you think that the steps taken by Sri Lankan Government to establish the
supremacy of Sinhalas were justified and long lasting? Give your view point.
Answer:
The steps taken by the Sri Lankan government to establish Sinhalas’ supremacy cannot be
justified as long lasting because of the following reasons.
-These steps ignored the interests of a minority community. Even the basic rights were not given
to them.
-Discrimination based on religion and language further deprived other communities in Sri
Lanka.
- Repeated denial of the demands further developed distrust and ignited the situation that
resulted in a civil war causing terrible setback to Sri Lankan social, cultural and economic life.
4) Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united’. Justify the statement.
Answer:
Sharing of power makes a country more powerful and united because of the following reasons.
-Power sharing ensures that all people have stake in government.
-Power sharing ensures maximum participation. It upholds the concept of people’s rule. It
always brings better outcomes in democracy. It ensures the political stability in democracy.
- Power sharing accommodates diverse groups. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict
between social groups.
5) Describe any three ‘majoritarian measures’ taken by the Sri Lankan Government to
establish Sinhala supremacy.
Answer:
The following are the majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan government to establish Sinhala supremacy.
- In the year 1956, an act was passed, which established Sinhala as the official language to be
used in Sri Lanka disregarding the minority group of Tamils. The passing of this act created a
feeling of alienation among the minority group, i.e. Sri Lankan Tamils and they started to feel
left-out from the society.
-The government then started adopting and formulating government policies that favoured the
Sinhala people in government jobs and for university positions, which made the Sri Lankan
Tamils feel ousted.
- The Sri Lankan Government further proclaimed that they shall foster and protect only
Buddhism as their Sate religion and refused to cater to any other religion disregarding the
religion of Sri Lankan Tamils.
Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks]
6) Bring out any two sharp contrasts between Belgium and Sri Lankan democracies.
Answer:
-Sri Lanka and Belgium are both democratic countries yet have a very diverse social set-up.
Both the countries have adopted very different approaches when it comes to power sharing.
- Belgium produced an ideal example of democratic system. It adopted the policy of
accommodation of social and ethnics divisions. On the other hand, Sri Lanka also adopted
democratic system but followed majoritarian policies.
-Under the Belgium model of democracy, power was shared among two ethnic groups. Sri
Lanka favoured the interests of the majority Sinhala community.
- In Belgium, both the groups had equal share in working of government but in Sri Lanka the
minority community was isolated.
To maintain political stability and unity, equal representation was provided to both the groups.
Apart from that, community government of both the ethnic groups also existed at the local level.
Sri Lanka, however, had no such arrangement.
- Belgium constitution was amended four times before arriving at a final draft to prevent civil
strife. In Sri Lanka, majoritarianism led to civil war for twenty long years.
(Any 2)
7) Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united. Do you agree with the
statement? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement. Power sharing makes a country more united.
- Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order as social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.
- Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. The concept of democracy is a system of
government of the people, by the people and for the people, which emphasizes on distribution
of power among people.
- It involves sharing powers with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its
effects, so that the people would be consulted on how they are to be governed.

8) Explain two reasons as to why power sharing is desirable.
Answer:
There are many reason as to why power sharing is important in a democracy. The following are
the two main sets in which the reasons can be broadly divided.
Prudential reason:
- Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social
groups.
It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order as social conflict often leads to violence
and political stability.
Moral Reason:
-;Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. The concept of democracy is a system of
government of the people, by the people and for the people, which emphasizes on distribution
of power among people.
It involves sharing powers with those affected by its exercise and who have to live its effects, so
that the people would be consulted on how they are to be governed.
10) Explain how power is shared among different organs of government.
Answer:
- In democracy, power is shared among different organs of government, i.e. legislature,
executive and judiciary through the horizontal distribution of power. It is so because it allows
different organs of government to be placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
- horizontal division, different organs exercise their power based on the concept of separation
of powers such as legislature makes laws, executive enforces these laws and judiciary
interprets these laws. This results in balance of power among different organs of government.
No organ can exercise unlimited power as each organ checks the other. Hence, in horizontal
division the concept of checks and balance is followed.
The power is shared between different organs of the government in horizontal form of power
sharing.
Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks]
11) Highlight the measures adopted by the Belgium Constitution for the prevention of
conflicts in Belgium.
Answer:
-When the Belgian leaders recognized the existence of regional differences and cultural
diversities, they amended their constitution four times in order to accommodate these
differences.
The following are the ways in which Belgium has accommodated the existing regional
differences and cultural diversities.
- Equal number of ministers: The Government of Belgium has equal number of Dutch- and
French-speaking ministers. This has been done to give equal power to the majority and the
minority language speaking groups.
- Setting up of Community Government: A third kind of government, named the community
government, is introduced in addition to the Central and the State Government. This
government has the power regarding cultural, educational and lingual issues. This government
comprises members from all the three communities—Dutch-speaking, French-speaking and
German-speaking.
- Fair share of power: Many powers of the Central government have been given to the state
governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to
the Central government but are independent.
- Equal representation: In the State Government of Brussels—the capital city—both the French-
and Dutch-speaking communities have equal representation.

12) . Describe with examples the way in which power can be shared among different social and linguistic groups?
Ans. Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic
groups, for example, Belgium. In Belgium, this different social group is known as community
government.
In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker
sections and women are represented in the legislature and administration. This
type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse
social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.

A TIGER IN THE ZOO

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS 

WORKSHEET

WORKSHEET(ANSWERS)

THE MID NIGHT VISTOR

textual questions 

WORKSHEET

Worksheet(ANS)

TWO STORIES ABOUT FLYING

  His first flight ( textual ques/ ans)

His first flight(Worksheet- Ans)

HIS first flight ( worksheet )

The black aeroplane ( Worksheet ANS)

The black aeroplane ( worksheet)

The black aeroplane( Textual ques/ ans)

French lesson 4 notes

 

                                              4. Le Plaisir De Lire

Grammaire – Plus-que-pqrfait

When two or more events in the past are given in sequence, the first one can be stated using plus-que-parfait and the next ones can be given in passé composé.

To frame a sentence in plus-que-parfait

Subject + l’imparfait of avoir/être + past participle of the verb

·        The rules to make the past participle of ER,IR and RE verbs remain same. Irregular past participles remain same.

·        DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP AND PRONOMINAL VERBS to be conjugated with être.

·        Rule for tranisitive verbs and CODs also remain same.

 

L’imparfait of ‘avoir’	L’imparfait of ‘être’
J’avais	J’étais
Tu avais	Tu étais
Il/Elle/On avait	Ils/Elles était
Nous avions	Nous étions
Vous aviez	Vous étiez
Ils/Elles avaient	Ils/Elles étaient

 

   e.g.  Quand j’avais fini mes exercises, j’ai pris le déjeuner.

Culture and civilization

·        Pour s’inscrire à la bibliothèque il faut/ on a besoin de

1.     Une carte d’identité

2.     L’autoriation des parents

3.     Une quittance d’électricité ou un loyer

·        A la bibliothèque on peut

1.     Emprunter les livres, les CD et les DVD, les BD et des jeux vidéo

2.     Lire ou écouter sur la place

·        Qu’est-ce qu’on trouve à la bibliothèque ?

Les livres d’images, les romans, les revues, les films, les CD, les BD, les DVD, les livres des contes, les livres de la poésie, les documents pour répondre aux questions sur tous les sujets et aussi les journaux et les magazines.

·        Le petit prince – Antoine de Saint- Exupéry (un roman)

·        Le tour du monde en 80 jours – Jules Verne (un roman)

·        Le renard et les raisins – Jean de la Fontaine (une poésie)

·        Panchatantra – vishnusharma (une collection de contes et de fables Sanskrit en cinq livres réunies au 5^e siècle)

·        Les rubriques d’un journal

La politique intérieur

La politique étranger

L’éditorial

Le fait divers – short news

La culture

Le sport

Le courrier des lecteurs

La météo

Les petites annonces

                                                                          

                                                                                  

                                                                          

                                       

 

 

 

 

Nationalism in india

 PPT

https://drive.google.com/file/d/18nT-PDpoROfugM878StVS0Xe3Wl552KM/view?usp=drivesdk

https://drive.google.com/file/d/13UtON0SW2mD1OMpGkntINGx4kE__tCmN/view?usp=drivesdk

Questions and Answers

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

Q.1) Why did Gandhiji started the Satyagraha in 1919?

Ans. To protest against the Rowlatt Act.

Q.2) During which movement, Indian tricolour was designed?

Ans. Swadeshi Movement.

Q.3) Why did Gandhiji take up Khilafat issue?

Ans. To enhance and strengthen the movement by bringing Hindu/Muslim community together.

Q.4) How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with 3 examples.
Ans.)

• It speeded up the process of industrialization.

• It led to a huge rise in defence expenditure for Government of India.

• It created a demand for industrial goods and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India.

Q.5) How was Rowlatt Act opposed by people in India?
Ans.)

• Rallies were organised in various cities.

• Workers went on strike in railway workshop.

• Shops were closed down.

• It was in opposition to the Rowlatt Act that the famous Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place. General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on innocent civilians who had gathered from in and around Amritsar city to attend peaceful meeting.

Q.6) Explain issue behind Khilafat movement?
Ans.)Khilafat Agitation

• WW-I had ended with defeat of Ottoman Empire. There were rumours of a harsh peace treaty being signed against Khalifa.

• To defend Khalifa’s temporal powers, Khilafat committee was formed in 1919 as he was considered as the spiritual head of Muslims.

• Gandhiji supported it because he saw it as an opportunity to bring Hindu’s and Muslims under the umbrella of an unified National Movement.

Q.7) How could Non Co-operation become a movement? Give your opinion.

Ans.) 

• Non Co-operation became a movement for the following reasons:-

• It was Gandhiji’s views that the British rule was set up with the co-operation of Indians.

• If Indians refused to co-operate, then British rule in India would collapse within a year and Swaraj would come soon.

• Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.

• In case, the government used repression, a full civil disobedience would be launched.

Q.8) The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from Non – Cooperation movement? Support statement with e.g.
Ans.)

Q.9) Why did different social groups join the Civil Disobedience movement? Explain.
Ans.)

• Rich peasantry group:    The Patidars and Jats demanded reduction in revenue and participated in boycott movement.
  
  

• Poor peasantry group:     They wanted unpaid rent to be remitted, joined radical movement led by socialist and communist.

• Business Class group:    Prominent industrialist like Purushottamdas, G.D Birla formed FICCI. They wanted protection against import of goods.
  
  

• Working Class group:    Nagpur workers adopted boycott of foreign goods against low wages and poor working conditions.
  
  

• Women:    They participated in protest marches, boycotted foreign goods and supported indigenous products.

Q.10) Describe incident and impact of Jallianwala Bagh?
Ans.)
                        INCIDENT

• Jallianwala Bagh incident took place on 13 April 1919.

• Many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Indian festival of Baisakhi, and to peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

• General Dyer killed thousands of unarmed Indians. 

• This incident shocked the entire nation. As the news of this incident began to spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns.

IMPACT

• There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. 

• The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people. 

• As a result of this massacre, Rabindranath Tagore, who had been knighted by the British, renounced his knighthood. 

• Satyagrahis were humiliated by rubbing the nose on the ground, crawling and saluting the officers. 

• Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement because of the rapid spread of violence.

Q.11) Explain in brief about the Dandi March.
Ans. 

     The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production made Mahatma Gandhi very much disturbed. In his opinion, it was a gross atrocity on the part of the British government. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. Hence, it must be exempted from any tax.

    He sent a letter to Viceroy Lord Irwin on 31 January, 1930 with eleven demands. These demands were concerned with interests of all sections of the Indian people. The most stirring of all was the demand to make salt tax-free. But Irwin showed reluctance.

(i) Mahatma Gandhi started his famous ‘Salt March’ or ‘Dandi March’ on 11th March, 1930 accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. 

(ii) The march was to cover 240 miles from Gandhi’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati Coastal town of Dandi. 

(iii) On 6th April, 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. 

(iv) This marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q.12) Critically examine the reasons of conflict between congress and Muslim League?
Ans.

     The important differences between the Congress and the Muslim League were over the question of representation of Muslims in the future assemblies that were to be elected. Suspicion and distrust between the two communities was also a major reason. 

(i) The Civil Disobedience Movement started under this atmosphere of distrust. 

(ii) Negotiation over the question of representation continued but all hopes of resolving the issue in All Parties Conference in 1928, disappeared when Mr. R. Jayakar of Hindu Maha Sabha strongly opposed efforts of compromise. 

(iii) Alienated from Congress, large sections of the Muslim failed to respond to the call of a united struggle. 

(iv) The Muslim feared that the culture and identity of the minorities would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority.

Q.13) How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in making of nationalism in India? Explain with examples.

Ans. 

1. The identity of India gradually came to be associated with the image of Bharat Mata as the feelings of nationalism spread. First created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, it was later painted by Abanindranath Tagore. Calm, composed, divine and spiritual, Bharat Mata acquired many forms and was widely circulated across the nation.

2. Movements to revive Indian Folklore played an important role in developing ideas of nationalism. Folk songs and tales gave a true picture of a traditional culture that was believed to be corrupted and damaged by outside forces. It was increasingly being considered important in order to discover one's national identity.
For example - Rabindranath Tagore collected ballads, hymns, and rhymes and led the movement for folk revival.

3. Icons and symbols such as the tricolour (red, green, yellow) created during the Swadeshi Movement became the force that unified and inspired people in participating in the nationalist struggle. Expressing the Gandhian ideal of self-help, the tricolour with a spinning wheel in the center (red, green, white) created by Gandhiji became a symbol of defiance during the marches.

4. The reinterpretation of history brought people of various communities under the nationalist struggle. Many Indians made attempts at instilling a sense of pride by looking at the historical experiences of India in a positive manner. The British saw Indians as backward, incapable of governing themselves. In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements,

Q.14) What was the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Ans. 

(i) The Dalits or the Untouchables did not actively participate in the movement, they demanded reservation of seats, separate electorates. 

(ii) Dr B.R. Ambedkar clashed with Gandhiji. 

(iii) Muslim political organisations also kept away from the Movement. 

(iv) Congress seemed more visibly associated with Hindu religious nationalist groups.