1. THE TALE OF CUSTARD THE DRAGON
Tuesday, 8 February 2022
Monday, 7 February 2022
Saturday, 5 February 2022
Friday, 4 February 2022
Globalization and Indian economy
GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY
2 MARK QUESTIONS
Question 1.
Differentiate between investment and foreign investment.
Answer:
The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines etc. is called investment whereas investment made by a MNC to buy such assets is called foreign investment.
Question 2.
Why do MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where they get cheap labour and other resources?
Answer:
MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where they get cheap labour and other resources because they bring down the cost of production and ensure more profits for themselves.
3 MARK QUESTIONS
Question 4
‘Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent in India since 1991.’ Justify the statement.
Answer:
In 1991, the Indian government decided that the time has come for Indian producers to compete with producers around the world. It felt that foreign competition would improve the quality of goods produced by Indian producers within the country.
Thus, barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent. It meant goods could be imported or exported easily and foreign companies could set up factories and offices in India.
Question 5.
“A wide ranging choice of goods are available in the Indian markets.” Support the statement with examples in context of globalisation.
Answer:
The Indian market has been trAnswer:formed in recent years. The consumers have a wide variety of goods and services to choose from, which were not available earlier. For example:
The latest models of mobile phones, television, digital cameras of leading manufacturers and other well known brands of the world are easily available in the markets.
New models of cars and automobiles are launched every season.
The top companies in the world have introduced their popular brands in India for various products like shirts, fruit juices, cosmetics, toys, furniture, stationery etc.
All this has been possible only due to globalisation.
Question 6.
“Globalisation and greater competition among producers has been of advantageous
to consumers.” Justify the statement with examples.
Answer:
Globalisation and greater competition among producers has been of advantageous to consumers in the following ways:
Consumers in today’s world have a wide variety of goods and services to choose from. The latest models of digital cameras, mobile phones and televisions made by the leading manufacturers are available to them.
Consumers now enjoy better and improved quality at lower prices.
It has resulted in higher standards of living.
There has been a varying impact on producers and workers.
Many top Indian companies have been able to establish themselves as multinational corporations.
Latest technology and production methods have raised production standards.
Question 7.
Why had the Indian government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign
investment after independence? Analyse the reasons.
Answer:
The Indian government put barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment after independence because:
(a) It was considered necessary to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.
(b) In 1950s and 1960s, the industries were in nascent stage and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to develop.
(c) Therefore, India allowed the imports of only essential items like machinery, fertilizers, petroleum etc.
Question 8.
Explain by giving examples how Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are spreading their products in different ways.
Answer:
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are spreading their production in different ways. Some of them are:
By buying local companies and, then expanding production. For example, Cargill Foods, a very large American MNC, purchased small Indian company, Parakh foods. Cargill Foods is, now, the largest producer of edible oil in India with a capacity making 5 million pouches daily.
By placing orders for production with small producers. Garments, footwears, sports items are examples where production is carried out by small producers for large MNCs around the world.
By producing jointly with some of the local companies. It benefits the local company in two ways.
.
5MARK QUESTIONS
Question 9
What is trade? Explain the importance of international trade.
Answer:
The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
The international trade is important because:
It helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade.
It helps in improving the quality of domestic goods.
It contributes to the economic growth of the country by raising income level of the people and increasing foreign exchange reserves.
It enables a country to import advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production.
Question 10
Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian economy with examples.
Answer:
The impact of globalisation on Indian economy is as follows:
It has created competition among producers, both local and foreign, which is advantageous to the consumers, particularly the well off. Now, there is a greater choice of goods before the consumers.
It has enabled many Indian companies to become multi-national companies such as Tate Motors, Infosys and Ranbaxy.
It has created new employment opportunities for companies providing services specially information technology. A lot of services such as data entry, accounting, administrative tasks are done cheaply in India and exported to other countries.
New jobs are created in industries such as electronics, cell phones, automobiles and fast food.
It had a negative impact on small manufacturers. Due to competition, some industries has been hit hard such as batteries, capacitors, plastic toys, vegetable oil etc. A number of units have shut down and a lot of workers, have become jobless.
Question 11
Describe the major problems created by the globalisation for a large number of small producers and workers.
Answer:
The major problems created by the globalisation for a large number of small producers and workers are:
The small producers or workers either have to compete or perish.
Small scale industries like batteries, capacitors, plastic toys etc. have been hit hard due to global products and have suffered great losses in their businesses.
Several small factory units are forced to shut down.
Millions of workers have gone jobless and jobs are no longer secure.
It has increased income inequalities among various countries.
Unorganised sector has expanded. {any five)
Wednesday, 2 February 2022
Monday, 31 January 2022
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
QUESTION/ANSWERS
2 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is
the major objective to develop Super Highways?
Answer:
The main objective to developing Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance
between the four megacities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata with the development of fast and uninterrupted traffic along six lanes between these cities.
2. What is
the significance of the border roads?
Answer:
Border roads are strategically important as they improve access to areas like the northern and north-eastern border areas which have difficult terrain. Border roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization (BRO). The Government of India undertakes, constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country. It improves security because the army and arms can be mobilized easily through these roads.
3. What is
meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Answer:
Trade is the movement of goods and services between regions for economic gain. Trade between two or more countries is termed international trade. It may take place through sea, air or land routes. Trade occurring in a region within the same country is called local trade. Local trade is carried in cities, towns and villages.
*3 MARK QUESTIONS
4. State
any three merits of roadways.
Answer:
The growing importance of road transport is rooted in the following reasons:
-The construction cost of roadways is much lower than that of the railways.
-Its maintenance is also cheap and easy.
-Roads can be built in mountainous areas. -The roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
-Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
-Road transport is economical in the transportation of a few persons and a relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
-It provides door-to-door service, which results in a lower cost of loading and unloading.
-It is used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air, and seaports.
-Road transport connects fields with markets and factories.
-Road transport is useful for the transport of perishable commodities.
5. Where
and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?
Answer:
-Railways can transport a larger number of goods and passengers over long distances at an economical cost.
-Hence, railways are the most convenient means of transport in the vast northern plains of India.
-The flat terrain, dense population, rich agricultural resources and greater industrial activity have favoured the development of railways in this region.
-The northern plains, therefore, have the densest railway network.
-Railways have accelerated the development of industry and agriculture in this region
by providing quick availability of raw materials and distributing the finished products to the markets.
-However, in spite of the fact that railways are the most convenient means of transportation in northern plains, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles.
6. Write a
note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer:
-The changing nature of the international trade for India, in the last fifteen years, has been impressive.
-Exchange of information and knowledge has surpassed the exchange of goods and commodities. Through its advanced software knowledge and excellence in the field of information technology, India has emerged as a viable contender at the international level and is earning huge amounts of foreign exchange through the same.
-Tourism has added to India’s upgraded position in international trade. In 2004, there was a 23.5% increase in foreign tourist arrivals as against the number in 2003.
-Thus, international trade for India has undergone a cognisable change in the past fifteen years.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
7. Classify communication services into two categories. Explain the main features of each.
Answer:
-Communication services can be classified into two categories—personal communication and mass communication.
Main features of personal communication:
-It is the communication between person to person. In this communication, only personal messages are exchanged.
-Personal communication is done through mobile phones, letters, e-mails, postcards, etc.
Main features of mass communication:
-It is the communication among the masses. It provides entertainment as well as awareness about various national programmes.
-Mass communication is done through radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, films, etc.
8. Explain with examples the conditions
responsible for the uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in India.
Answer:
-The distribution of railway networks depends upon physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The following are the conditions responsible for the uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in India.
-The northern plains have a dense network of railways due to the extensive level of land, agriculturally and industrially productive region and support a high density of population which is favourable for the development of railways. However, the presence of a large number of rivers requires the construction of bridges across the rivers which poses some difficulties.
-In the hilly regions of the north and the peninsular plateau regions, railways are constructed through narrow gaps or tunnels.
-The Himalayas region has less network of railways due to rugged terrain, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
-In the sandy plains of western Rajasthan, swampy regions of Gujarat, thickly forested regions of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, construction of railways is difficult and expensive.
-Recently, the development of the Konkan railway along the western coast has contributed to the movement of goods and passengers through the passes and gaps along the Western Ghats to link the most economic region of India
9. Why is
a dense and efficient network of transport and communication a Prerequisite for
the development of local, national and global trade of today? Give your
opinion.
Answer:
-Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a prerequisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today because of the following reasons.
-We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. The movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of the earth.
-Today the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport.
-Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system.
-Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural plurality.
Saturday, 15 January 2022
French lesson 8
·
Pour
protéger notre planète (la
Terre)/ pour protéger l’environnement il faut –
Réduire le
gaspillage
Réduire l’usage
de l’eau et de l’éléctricité
Réduire le
réchauffement de la Terre
Réduire la
pollution des voitures et des usines
Utiliser
l’energie renouvelable
·
Pour réduire le
gaspillage on peut –
Fermer le robinet
quand on n’en pas besoin
Arroser le jardin
le soir pour conserver de l’eau
·
Protéger l’environnement,
ça veut dire quoi ?
Ça veut dire - 1.
Protéger notre source de norriture et d’eau potable. La nature nous donne la
norriture et de l’eau potable. Donc si les sources sont polluées, on peut
trouver que tous ce qu’on mange et boit est pollué aussi.
2. Preserver la
qualité de l’air que nous respirons.c’est necessaire à garder la qualité de
l’air qu’on respire
3. Conserver le climat. Il
faut réduire les rejets de gaz à effet de serre.
4. Conserver la
biodiversité. Il faut préserver la variété des espèces animals et végétales
French lesson 7 notes
7. En Pleine
Forme
Grammaire – Les
pronoms possessifs
|
|
Masc.sing. |
Fem.sing. |
Masc.plural |
Fem.plural |
|
Mine |
Le mien |
La mienne |
Les miens |
Les
miennes |
|
Yours |
Le tien |
La tienne |
Les tiens |
Les
tiennes |
|
His/hers |
Le sien |
La sienne |
Les siens |
Les
siennes |
|
Ours |
Le nôtre |
La nôtre |
Les nôtres |
Les nôtres |
|
Yours |
Le vôtre |
La vôtre |
Les vôtres |
Les vôtres |
|
theirs |
Le leur |
La leur |
Les leurs |
Les leurs |
e.g. C’est ma maison. C’est la sienne. (It is my house. It is his)
Culture & civilization
·
Qu’est-ce qu’il faut faire pour être en pleine
forme?
1. Ne pas
manger de fastfood comme des burgers,des chips et du coca
2. Faire du
yoga
3. Faire de
méditation
4. Faire
une promenade
5. Faire du
joging
6. Manger de la salade, des fruits et des crudités
7. Boire
beaucoup d’eau régulièrement
8. Faire du
sport comme le foot ou le tennis
9. Faire de
l’aérobic
10.
Prendre l’escalier
11.
Bien dormir
·
Etre malade ça veut
dire :avoir de la fièvre – to have fever
Avoir des problèmes de respiration – to have problems in breathing
Attraper un rhume – to catch cold
Avoir une crise cardiaque – to have a heart attack
Avoir un vertige – to have a vertigo
Avoir une insomnie – to have insomnia
Passer une nuit blanche – to keep awake at night/ to spend sleepless
night
Avoir mal au dos/dents/à la tête – to have
pain in back,teeth, head
·
Qu’est-ce que fait le médecin ?
Asculter – to examine
Poser des questions
Prescrire des médicaments – to
prescribe medicines
Donner l’ordonnance – to give
prescription
Remplir les formulaires de la sécurité sociale – to
fill the forms of social security
·
La carte d’assurance maladie/la securité sociale – C’est
pour assurer la sécurité matérielle des travailleurs et de leur famille en cas d’accident de travail, de
maladie, de maternité etc et à leur garantir une retraite
Monday, 20 December 2021
Sunday, 19 December 2021
SST QUESTION AND ANSWERS
POLITICAL PARTIES
https://drive.google.com/file/d/15WCd8zu4Tb2Apw-vbFEQ3ZVeaHVV2bab/view?usp=sharing
SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/13Q0uiaZLYpafmEAI-58LwQXHssbtGafI/view?usp=sharing
MONEY AND CREDIT
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MJbHwn658XRjPB6SRzh91nKfuk0tT9oS/view?usp=sharing
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s2Yg2UxNr_Nw4p4GtHoNL6d0a1BDRLrQ/view?usp=sharing
Friday, 17 December 2021
Saturday, 7 August 2021
Thursday, 29 July 2021
AGRICULTURE NOTES
AGRICULTURE
1.What term is used for grouping of small land holdings with bigger ones?
Answer:
The term used for grouping of small land holdings with bigger ones is consolidation
of land holdings
2.What is White Revolution related to?
Answer:
White Revolution is related to the production of milk. It is also called Operation Flood
3. Name the crop of which India is the largest producer and consumer.
Answer:
India is the largest producer and consumer of the pulses in the world.
4. Mention the sowing period of rabi crops.
Answer:
Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
3 marks questions
1.Explain rubber cultivation in India under the following heads.
(a) Importance
(b) Geographical conditions
(c) Any two rubber-producing states
Answer:
-Importance: Rubber is an important industrial raw material.
- Geographical conditions: It is an equitable crop, which is grown in tropical and subtropical areas. It requires moist and humid climate with temperature above 25°C and rainfall above 200 cm.
-Two rubber-producing states: It is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Garo hills of Meghalaya.
2.Explain rice cultivation in India under the following heads.
(a) Temperature (b) Rainfall
(c) Agricultural season
Answer:
-Temperature: Rice requires a high temperature of above 25°C.
-Rainfall: It requires high humidity with an annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, irrigation is essential.
-Agricultural season: It is a kharif crop, which is grown with the onset of monsoon and is harvested in September-October
3.Explain any three steps taken by the central and state governments to improve
India agriculture after independence.
Answer:
Various initiatives taken by the central and state governments to ensure the increase in agricultural production after independence are as follows.
-Collectivism, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
- Land reforms were the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.
The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve Indian agriculture.
-Minimum Support Price Policy, provisions for crop insaurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are some of the reforms brought by the government.
Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centres, horticulture development and weather forecast etc. were given priority for improving Indian agriculture.
(any three)
3.Describe any two conditions required for the cultivation of tea. Name two major tea-producing states of India.
Answer:
Tea is an important beverage crop. The following are the conditions required for its cultivation.
-The tea plant grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have deep, fertile and well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
-Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year.
-Tea bushes require frequent showers throughout the year to ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. It needs abundant, cheap and skilled labour. (Any two)
Two major tea-producing states are Assam and West Bengal.
4.Define plantation agriculture. Explain any two characteristics of plantation agriculture.
Answer:
Plantation is a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area. The following are the four characteristics of plantation.
-Plantations have very large areas.
-Capital-intensive inputs are used.
-Migr-ant labourers are used.
-All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
-The development of plantations is the result of a well-developed network of transport and communication, connecting plantations to markets
(Any 2 points)
5.Explain any three characteristics of commercial farming in India.
Answer:
The following are the five characteristics of commercial farming in India.
-The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of high doses of modern inputs, like HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, in order to obtain higher productivity.
-The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another, for example rice is a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana but in Odisha it is a subsistence crop.
-Plantation is also a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area.
-Plantations cover large areas using capital intensive inputs with the help of migrant labourers.
-In India tea, coffee, rubber, sugar cane and banana are important plantation crops.
( Any three)
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
1.Name the two most important staple food crops in India. Mention the geographical conditions required for their growth.
Answer:
The two most important staple food crops in India are rice and wheat.
*The geographical conditions required for the growth of rice are as follows.
-It requires high temperature—above 25°C.
- It requires high humidity for its growth.
-It requires annual rainfall above 100 cm.
*The geographical conditions required for the growth of wheat arenas follows.
- It is a rabi crop and needs cool growing season.
-It requires bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
-It also requires 50 to 70 cm of annual rainfall, well distributed over the growing season.
2.) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answee
The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since the time of colonisation.
-In the nineteenth century, Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were encouraged to grow these crops.
-In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran because they were forced to grow indigo on their land to supply dye to Britain's flourishing textile industry. They were unable to grow food grains to sustain their families.
-Post liberalisation, Indian farmers have been exposed to new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations.
- Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with those countries.
-To make the Indian agriculture successful and profitable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers
HOTS
1.How did the partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
Answer
Partition of the country in 1947 affected the jute industry as the jute growing areas were in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and jute mills were in India. India has to import raw jute from Bangladesh to run the jute mills. There has been gradual decline in the jute industry due to the following reasons :
(i) Decline in demand for jute products.
(ii) Old and outdated machinery.
(iii) High cost of production and stiff international competition from Bangladesh and Brazil.
(iv) Emergence of synthetic substitutes.
(v) Non-availability of labour.
2.Suggest any five measures to enhance the agricultural production in India
Answer:
Agricultural is an important economic activity in our country. I would like to suggest the following measures to enhance the agricultural production in India.
-Each district and block can be made self-sufficient in agricultural production if the government provides proper agricultural infrastructure, irrigation facilities, electricity, etc.
-Loans can be provided at lower interest rates to cultivator.
-The use of latest techniques can be encouraged.
-Instead of concentrating only on rice or wheat, the food crop with a better growth potential in that particular area must be encouraged.
- attracting foreign investment in agriculture and also free trade in grains will not only increase agricultural production, but will also create massive employment and reduce poverty in rural areas.
-Farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1.The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer
India shall no longer be self-sufficient in its requirements of food grains.
Landless labourers will outweigh the ranks of unskilled – unemployed workers in India.
More farmers will switch over to cultivation of high value crops.
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